Few Certain Details Remain About The Life Of Antiquitys Greates

Few certain details remain about the life of antiquitys greatest mathematician, Archimedes. We know he was born in 287 B.C.E. around Syracuse from a report about 1400 years after the fact. Archimedes tells about his father, Pheidias, in his book The Sandreckoner. Pheidias was an astronomer, who was famous for being the author of a treatise on the diameters of the sun and the moon. Historians speculate that Pheidias profession explains why Archimedes chose his career. Some scholars have characterized Archimedes as an aristocrat who actively participated in the Syracusan court and may have been related to the ruler of Syracuse, King Hieron II. We also know Archimedes died in 212 B.C.E. at the age of 75 in Syracuse. It is said that he was killed by a Roman soldier, who was offended by Achimedes, while the Romans seized Syracuse. Archimedes had a wide variety of interests, which included encompassing statics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, engineering, geometry, and arithmetic. Archimedes had more stories passed down through history about his clever inventions than his mathematical theorems. This is believed to be so because the average mind of that period would have no interest in the Archimedean spiral, but would pay attention to an invention that could move the earth. Archimedes most famous story is attributed to a Roman architect under Emperor Augustus, named Vitruvius. Vitruvius asked Archimedes to devise some way to test the weight of a gold wreath. Archimedes was unsuccessful until one day as he entered a full bath, he noticed that the deeper he submerged into the tub, the more water flowed out of the tub. This made him realize that the amount of water that flowed out of the tub was equal to the volume of the object being submerged. Therefore by putting the wreath into the water, he could tell by the rise in water level the volume of the wreath, despite its irregular shape. This discovery marked the Law of Hydrostatics, which states that a body immersed in fluid loses weight equal to the weight of the amount of fluid it displaces. There are three main mechanical inventions credited to Archimedes. The first one is the Archimedean screw which supposedly could serve as a water pump. The second invention was the compound pulley. The third invention was the way of finding the volume of something by displacement as demonstrated in the story above. Most historians would agree that more important than his great mechanical inventions were his mathematical discoveries. The mathematical works that have been presented to us by Archimedes could be classified into three groups. The first group consists of works that have as their major objective the proof of theorems relative to the areas and volumes of figures bounded by curved lines and surfaces. The second category contains works that lead to a geometrical analysis of statical and hydrostatical problems and the use of statics in geometry. Miscellaneous mathematical works make up the third group. Toward the end of Archimedes life, the political situation around him became worse as the years went by. After the death of Hieron II, Syracuse fell into the hands of his grandson, Hieronymus, who changed from the alliance of Rome to the alliance of Carthage. After the Romans heard of this revelation they sent a fleet of ships to capture Syracuse. Archimedes was a key factor to the Syracusians ability to hold off the Romans for so long. He is said to have created catapults to hurl rocks and used compound pulleys with giant hooks to rip the Roman ships apart. The most well known invention to ward off the Romans was the construction of a series of giant lenses used to magnify the suns rays and set Roman ships a blaze. The theorems that Archimedes discovered and worked on raised Greek mathematics to a whole new level. He undertook difficult problems in both mechanics and mathematics with great preserverence. Archimedes theorems, postulates, and inventions are still part of society today. These are some of the reasons that some scolars rank him with the greatest mathematicians in history.

Erin Brockovich Film Blog Essay Example

Erin Brockovich Film Blog Essay Example Erin Brockovich Film Blog Paper Erin Brockovich Film Blog Paper Essay Topic: Blog Facts, plot and theme Erin Broccoli is unemployed woman, who is divorced twice with three children, one of them being an Infant. When Erin Is Injured In a car accident she decides to sue the doctor who hit her. She hires the lawyer Deed Massy to represent her in her case. Deed assures her that they will win the case. However, they end up losing the case. After the case Erin tries to get aloud of her lawyer upset at the loss of the case but Deed Ignores her. To Deeds surprise one day upon his arrival to his office he sees Erin In there. After some guilt tripping Erin convinces Deed to hire her as a file clerk at his office. Soon after Erin meets George, her new neighbor. Her kids absolutely love George. George helps Erin take care of her children while she Is gone at work. One day while doing her Job Erin comes across a case the people of Hellene, ca have against the company Pacific Gas and Electric. Erin asks Deed if she can help with the case and he agrees. She then makes a trip to Hinkler to further investigate. There she meets Donna and Peter Jensen who are very ill. They believe their Illness Is a result of the chemical used at the PEG plant, chromium 6. Erin does further research and finds out that PEG was ordered to clean up the chromium from the ground water. When Erin returns to the office Deed fires her because he was unsure of what she was really doing. Deed decides to rehire Erin after a professor at UCLA that Erin had contacted Informs him that the levels of chromium could be responsible for the cancer that the Jensen have. Soon after others in the area come forward with wondering if their troubles could also be a result of the chromium in the area. Deed and Erin decide to start a class action lawsuit against PEG to help the people affected by the actions of PEG. The two work tirelessly to find more people for their case. Erin begins to strain her relationship with her kids and George due to the large amount of time she is spending working on the case. Deed eventually hires Kurt Potter, who is an expert in toxic cases. Kurt convinces Deed and Erin to speed up the process that the best course of action would be to take the case to arbitration. Deed holds a meeting with the people of Hinkler trying to convince them that this is the best way to go to get their settlement money. One night Erin meets a man Charles Embryo, a man who used to work at the plant ND whose cousin Just died from cancer after working at the water-cooling tower. Charles then Informs Erin that while employed at the plant, he was Instructed to destroy a lot of documents, some of which had to do with water tests in the area. Charles gives Erin with information from document that he did not destroy. Erin and Deed then give Kurt the Information, the signatures of the six hundred a thirty-four plaintiffs and the some convicting memos from the PEG office of the Hellene plant. In the end the judge ruled that PEG would have to pay the victims a total three endured and thirty-three million dollars to the victims and Deed gives Erin a check for I think the main theme of the film Erin Broomstick is perseverance. Throughout the whole movie Erin is very determined to help the people of Hinkler get Justice. If Erin had not been so motivated the people would have never been compensated for the terrible injustice that was bestowed on them. The movie demonstrates that through hard work and willpower even the tasks that seem impossible are possible. Characters Erin Broomstick- The main character of the movie. She is a twice-divorced mother of three. Erin is the reason that the case against PEG is pursued in the first place. She is a very strong and outspoken woman. Throughout the movie she tirelessly fights to provide her family with financial stability and bring Justice to the people of Hinkler. Deed Masers- He is first Reins lawyer that loses her case and the reluctantly hires Erin to work at his law firm as a file clerk. He is a very smart man. In the end rewards Erin greatly for her hard efforts. George Reins new neighbor that ends up being her love interest in the movie. He is a very nice and caring individual. He helps take care of Reins children while she is out working constantly. Donna and Peter Jensen- Both sick with cancer from the chromium poisoning. They were the first people she talked to in Hinkler and the reason Erin began her to further investigation. Received 3 million in compensation from the case in the end. Charles Embryo- At first Erin thinks he is kind of a creepy guy. However he ends up being the man that provides evidence to resolve the case. His cousin died of cancer after working at cooling towers of the plant. He is an ex-PEGE employee that was instructed to destroy documents but kept some of them. The documents end up proving that the PEGE plant in San Francisco knew was going on. Kurt Potter- Is an expert on toxic cases. Joins Deed and Erin to help win the case. He provides Deed with much needed money to help fund the case. Convinces them to change the case to arbitration to help speed up the settlement. Assumptions and what I would like to know a. PEGE knew that the chromium was hazardous to the people but kept quiet to save money. B. Deed was reluctant at first to take the case because he did not think much of Erin in the beginning. C. Why did no one question the reason that so many people in he area were dying from cancer? . Did the Doctors not find it odd that so many people were getting tumors and other types of cancer? E. Why did George spend so much of his time helping Erin with her kids? Resolutions 1. PEGE should have brought attention the problem with Chromium when it was known and fixed the problem. Enlightened Egoism- Take a long range perspective and allow for th e well-being of others, although always with their own interest in mind. Under this theory PEGE would have made the problem known when they discovered not because it was necessarily the right action to take but to avoid a large casuist against them later on. Costs The expense of taking the right precautions to ensure safe disposal Cleaning up the area that had been affected by the time they noticed it Money that may have to paid Possible lawsuits of the damage it had cause by the time the problem was realized if it was know from the beginning Would not have faced charges from the EPA for improperly managing waste. Could have avoided a class action lawsuit against the company from the people of Hinkler Impacts People of Hinkler would not have gotten sick and died from the chromium poisoning The area would not have been tainted with the chromium Erin Broomstick would not have had the chance to help these people 2. Do exactly as they did and try to cover up the effects of the chromium was having on the people in Hinkler. Ethical Egoism Defines right or acceptable behavior in terms of its consequences for the individual. Egoist believe they should make they decision that maximizes their own self-interest. The 333 million dollar settlement to the victims affected by the chromium Arbitration costs Legal costs Legalities Class action lawsuit against them from the people of Hinkler and the workers. EPA violations Many people lost their lives and got sick as a result Pain and suffering cause by the death, sickness and miscarriages. Area is contaminated 3. Do away with the use of chromium and find a safer chemical to use in its place. Utilitarian Theory Defines right or acceptable behavior as that which provides the greatest good to the greatest number of people. By getting a newer and safe chemical substitute PEGE would have been looking out for all the people in the area by making it safer to live and work there Costs Money to research a better chemical It may have been more expensive to use a different chemical The money to implement the new chemical Avoid lawsuits from all the people affected by chromium Provide a safer environment for the workers and the people in Hinkler People in the area would be able have a normal life free from disease A better future for the area Been seen as a environmentally responsible company Final Recommendation My final recommendation would be resolution 1, enlighten egoism. They should have way. If PEGE would have done this they could have saved many people a lot of despair, avoided a huge lawsuit, and kept a lot of people from getting deathly ill.

The Casey Anthony Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Casey Anthony Case - Research Paper Example â€Å"Not Guilty† was the verdict handed down in the Casey Anthony murder trial on July 5, 2011. It’s been four months since the trial, but still current in the minds of mothers, fathers, and concerned Americans. â€Å"After 33 days of testimony, 400 pieces of evidence and more than 90 witnesses, the jury in the Casey Anthony case reached a verdict† After only one day of deliberations, Anthony was found not guilty of killing her 2-year-old daughter Caylee. She was convicted of misleading law enforcement. The case appeared to be circumstantial; however, Anthony was seen as a self-centered, loose moral woman who was a cold-blooded killer. The motive, portrayed by the prosecutors, showed she would have a carefree life without her daughter. Did she kill her daughter Caylee? And if so, would it be attributed to Psychological, Sociological, or Biological criminal causation theories or could it be a combination of these theories. Dr. Lionel C.M. VonFrederick Rawlins clarifies the three main theories of criminal causation. The psychological theory shows people committing crimes because of personality imbalances formed in early childhood. These would later show up as antisocial behavior, involvement in drinking, drugs, reckless driving, problems in education, employment and relationships.

CRJ 520 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CRJ 520 - Research Paper Example of all these challenges has been the lack of enough resources to support the program, and this has compounded the same problems that the program was supposed to address. The Substance Abuse Felony Punishment (SAFP) program is an intensive and an inexpensive substance abuse program that the Texas State offers for offenders undergoing probation. Under this program, the offenders spend 6-12 months in a correctional facility that is run by officers from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). After leaving the Substance Abuse Felony Punishment facility, clients are placed within a residential establishment that is situated within the community, followed by a minimum of three and a maximum of nine months of outpatient counseling. The treatment offered by the Substance Abuse Felony Punishment program is usually offered on contractual by private treatment bodies contracted by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. In the years that the program has been in operation, there has been ongoing criticism regarding the program especially on the lack of regulation by the state government (Singh & Chalï ¬ , 2008). At the present, the Substance Abuse Felony Punishment program offers nearly 4,500 treatment beds that are strictly dedicated to individuals who have been charged for crimes related to substance abuse. Ideally, a person can only be placed under an SAFP program if a judge establishes that drug or alcohol abuse was responsible for the offense and that the offender is ideal for treatment. Under this program, an approximate 500 SAFP beds are preserved for parolees. In most cases, offenders are placed under the SAFP program either as an original condition or as an alternative of a supervision requirement while under management (Singh & Chalï ¬ , 2008). Over the last three decades, Texas has come up with legislations and policies that are mean to bolster public safety. This has in turn led to overcrowding in prisons and jails and a corrections budget that has

Reflection on self awareness and personal growth

Reflection on self awareness and personal growth The purpose of this essay is for the trainee Counsellor to critically reflect upon, and evaluate, a recorded counselling session which took place on Thursday 2nd April 2009. Within this essay, the trainee Counsellor will evaluate their use of advanced counselling skills and assess the value and usefulness of these skills. In particular, the trainee Counsellor will critically evaluate their own way of being by closely examining their application of the six conditions which are essential to therapeutic change and will focus on: the three attitudes or conditions that a person-centred therapist needs to provide for the client are congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard. These attitudes are not presented as a hierarchy. Indeed they are viewed best as a trinity inseparable, essential and mutually independent. An evaluation and reflection of the trainee Counsellors performance will be enhanced by use of the person-centred rating scales. Mearns Thorne (2007) when writing about the rating scales posit that: Discussing these ratings, and the other possible responses the trainee counsellor might have made, could help to expand the trainees repertoire of ways of communicating [her] empathy. (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p.71) Another way in which the trainee Counsellor has evaluated the way they worked in this session is by closely examining the DVD with the observer who was present during the session and who asked the trainee Counsellor pertinent questions regarding the session. This procedure is known as Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) (Merry, 2006, p.146). Finally, the trainee Counsellor will refer to feedback notes from the observer order to critically evaluate their way of working with the client. The client in this session is a 36 year old married woman who has two children. This session is the trainee Counsellors second session with this client, although the trainee Counsellor is aware that the client has seen another therapist previously, nothing of these other sessions has been divulged by the client. In the first session prior to the client talking about her reasons for wanting to see a therapist, the trainee Counsellor and client worked collaboratively through the contract. This was done with sensitivity as the trainee Counsellor was very aware that he was the first male Counsellor seen by the client and she had already disclosed her anxiety and nervousness about this fact. During the first session, the client talked about a number of different issues, but continually returned to focus on her feelings about a man who had been harassing her both physically and sexually. The client also expressed doubts about her own lack of self-belief and her compulsive organisational an d controlling nature which she felt dominated her life. The trainee Counsellor considered how the client was moving along the Seven Stages Model (Merry, 2006, p.59) and that the client was positioned somewhere between stages 3 and 4, although possibly closer to stage 4 as during the first session the client demonstrated some internal confusion about her feelings and there was a tendency for her to express things in terms of black white, she was however, also able to convey some profound and more meaningful feelings. Merry (2006) describes stages 3 4 as: Clients who first seek therapy are often at this stage and need to be fully accepted as they present themselves before moving deeper into Stage 4. Stage 4 In this stage, clients begin to describe deeper feelings, usually those that happened in the past. (Merry, 2002, p60) At the beginning of the second session the trainee Counsellor checked, by working collaboratively with the client [C1, C3, C5], about the contract in order to confirm with the client that she was happy with and understood everything discussed in the first session. The client confirmed [CL6] that she was fine to continue. The trainee Counsellor then proceeded to set the boundaries [C1, C7] for the counselling session. Boundaries are an extremely important element of the therapeutic process as they make the client aware of what the trainee Counsellor is offering them. The trainee Counsellor, by being open about the type of counselling they offer, by setting time limitations and by reassuring the client, clearly sets the scene for a healthy, professional and mutually beneficial relationship. Mearns Thorne (2007) when discussing boundaries suggest that: It is important both at this early stage and as counselling proceeds that the counsellor monitors continually what [she] is prepared to offer to the client, and what lies outside the boundaries of [her] commitment. (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p.53) The trainee Counsellor, when discussing the boundaries and when checking with the client about the previous session and the clients understanding displayed a deep level of Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR) [rating 4.0] [C1, C7]. At [CL8] the client begins to talk about a man who is heavily impacting on her life at the moment. The trainee Counsellor [C9] reflects the clients words back to her, but paraphrased and in a manner which questions the clients feelings. At [CL10] the client is interrupted by a loud noise from an adjoining room and the trainee Counsellor, because of the psychological connection with the client and his level of congruence [rating 5.0] responds with a degree of immediacy [C11] which is positively acknowledged by the client. At [CL12] the client expresses anger and frustration at herself. The trainee Counsellor [C13] is at this point offering the client UPR [rating 4.0] and a deep level of empathy [rating 4.5 5.0] and acknowledges the clients anger by reflecting and challenging the clients feelings about being trapped [C15] and angry. The client [CL14] agrees with the reflection and at [CL16] questions herself about what it is that she is actually angry and frustrated about. The trainee Counsellor remembers key details about the client which were disclosed in the first session and following the clients comments at [CL16] makes some gentle and refined queries [C19, C23, C25]. These challenges are accepted by the client, positively and with real emotion. The strength of the response identifies the level of relational depth that the trainee Counsellor and client have formed. At this point [C25, C27, C29] the Counsellors empathy [rating 5.0], congruence [rating 5.0] and UPR [rating 5.0] are clearly visible to the client and such a deep level of mutuality is present that previously unrecognised feelings which were just outside of the clients consciousness become visible and the client achieves a moment of comprehension and awareness [CL30]. Rogers (2004) describes this as: the letting of material come into awareness, without any attempt to own it as part of the self, or to relate it to other material held in consciousness. (Rogers, 2004, p.78) There is a visible shift in the client at this point and the trainee Counsellor, because of the level of his empathy [rating 4.5] is aware of the internal confusion and struggle that the client is undergoing. [C29, C31] At [C33] by expressing his confusion to the client, the trainee Counsellor displayed a deep level of congruence [rating 5.0] and this openness and genuine attitude assisted the client who moved on to explore her own feelings and reactions to what she had said at [CL30, CL32]. The trainee Counsellor [C35, C37, C39] reflects some of the clients thoughts back to her. During this period of interaction, the trainee Counsellor takes the opportunity to make some gentle challenges which cause the client to question her thought process. At [CL50] the client questions the trainee Counsellor, and it appears as if she is looking for some kind of affirmation that what she is saying makes sense. The trainee Counsellor [C51] makes it clear to the client that what she has said makes perfect sense to him, and this could easily be construed as some form of collusion, however in this case it is more of a corroboration to demonstrate the trainee Counsellors empathic understanding [rating 4.5 5.0] and a s a form of encouragement to the client to continue. The interactions at [CL50, C51] clearly display the trainee Counsellor and the client sharing the same frame of reference, being in the same place at the same time. Worsley (2002) suggests that: The greater the spontaneous-type content of the frame of reference, the more proper it is to call any therapist response process-orientated, because the therapist will be engaging empathically with the whole organism who is the client, and not just the reflexive, conscious elements. (Worsley, 2002, p.40) The trainee Counsellor, at interactions [C53, C81, C92] makes use of challenges which could be construed as directive questions, however, with the use of IPR and a deeper analysis of the recorded session, it is apparent that the trainee Counsellor was not directing the client, but was using thought-provoking words to stimulate the clients process. The trainee Counsellor used his UPR [rating 5.0] and empathy [rating 4.5 5.0] to identify with the clients goals whilst at the same time valuing and respecting the client at the deepest level and at the same time being his own person, being congruent [rating 4.0 5.0] and honest with his own feelings so that the client is aware that she is valued and prized and that the trainee Counsellor is not hiding anything of himself from her. At interactions [C81, C98] the trainee Counsellor takes the opportunity to query the clients incongruence and the clients responses [CL82, CL83, CL85, CL99] clearly suggest that she was not being truly honest with herself. Rogers hypothesises that if the client: becomes more self-aware, more self-acceptant, less defensive and more open, [he] finds that [he] is at last free to change and grow in the directions natural to the human organism. (Rogers, 2004, p.64) There is a point in the counselling session [CL109] where the trainee Counsellor senses a shift and a visible change in the client. The client starts to question her own behaviour and self, and in doing so realises how important some of the issues discussed in the session are to her. Rogers (1980) suggests that: To perceive a new aspect of oneself is the first step toward changing the concept of oneself. The new element is, in an understanding atmosphere, owned and assimilated into a now altered self-concept. (Rogers, 1980, p.155) The trainee Counsellor, through several interactions [C112 to C134] briefly sums up the session so far, recapping the salient points of the session. This is done collaboratively with the client, continually checking that the client is in agreement with what the trainee Counsellor is reviewing. By working in this manner, the trainee Counsellor is adhering to the ethical principles recommended by the BACP and is ensuring that he is working in an anti-oppressive way. Within this review of the counselling session, the trainee Counsellor considered different parts of the clients self. Mearns Thorne (2007) refer to these different parts as configurations of self and suggest that: a configuration is a developed self-within-a-self that can contain a wide array of elements a set of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that together represent an important dimension of the persons existence. (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p.34) An analysis of the clients various dimensions gave the trainee Counsellor the opportunity [C124, C126, C134, C136] to sensitively challenge those different parts which in turn triggered a reflective process in the client. The relational depth between the trainee Counsellor and client at this point was extremely good with both client and trainee Counsellor aware of their own feelings and expressing the genuine and authentic person to each other. Nothing was hidden and there was a real connectedness between both people in the counselling session. If both the trainee Counsellor and the client can be genuine in the relationship, the more helpful it will be. (Rogers, 2004, p.33) The trainee Counsellor is a student member of the British Association for Counselling Psychotherapy (BACP), and as such is fully aware of the importance of adhering to the elements within the BACPs Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling Psychotherapy (BACP, 2007) which discuss the provision of maintaining a good standard of practice and care (BACP, 2007, p.5). The trainee Counsellor fully believes that: Regularly monitoring and reviewing ones work is essential to maintaining good practice. It is important to be open to, and conscientious in considering, feedback from colleagues, appraisals and assessments. (BACP, 2007, p.5) IPR of the session reinforced the trainee Counsellors original observations and feelings about the client as the session drew to a close. It was apparent that from interactions [CL150 CL156] that the client was in a deep state of process. The trainee Counsellors level of empathy [rating 5.0] and the relationship which had developed between client and trainee Counsellor was such that at interaction [C157] the trainee Counsellor made the decision to end the counselling session a couple of minutes early. This was checked with the client to ensure that she was happy to do this, and the expression on her face confirmed that the trainee Counsellors choice was the correct one. The client had, at this point, moved on and was clearly trying to figure out what was going on in her head. Rogers (2004) outlines a clients process by suggesting that: Clients seem to move toward more openly being a process, a fluidity, a changing. They are not disturbed to find that they are not the same from day to day, that they do not always hold the same feelings toward a given experience or person, that they are not always consistent. (Rogers, 2004, p.171) The clients progress in this session was, for the trainee Counsellor, quite a revelation. The trainee Counsellor by focusing, using a felt sense (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p.79) [C29] touches on the clients unknown feelings and attends with deep empathy [rating 4.5 5.0] congruence [rating 4.5] and UPR [rating 4.5 5.0] to the client. It was the trainee Counsellors first real experience of witnessing a clients self-realisation [CL30] to something that was at the edge of their awareness but which they had previously ignored or dismissed. A change came over the client [CL30] and their honesty and openness became much more expressive. At this moment the relationship between the trainee Counsellor and client became much closer. Feedback from this session was received from a third party observer, who took notes to assist the trainee Counsellor in their evaluation of this session. The comments suggested that the trainee Counsellors congruence, empathy and use of UPR were obvious and perceived by the observer to be at a deep level. The observer suggested that on occasion, in her opinion, the client / trainee Counsellor relationship seemed almost friendly. From a learning and professional perspective and having reviewed the recording several times, the trainee Counsellor can see how some of the session might have been experienced from an observational point of view, but within the counselling relationship the two participants were experiencing each other and absorbed deeply in the counselling relationship. This is characterised by their ability to share a moment of levity [CL36, C37], followed by the client moving flawlessly back into her train of thought and process. From the trainee Counsellors perspective, several key points were noticed. Firstly, there were a couple of areas [C19, C39] where the session could have gone in different directions. As a trainee, the choice of language, the correct use of handle-words and the on-the-spot decision making is difficult to practice as every client is unique and individual, and every client will bring a different range of issues to the session. Secondly, the trainee Counsellor considered their use of questions in the session. There is no doubt that there will be some criticism of the way in which the trainee Counsellor phrased some interactions to the client, but there is a firm belief that none of the questions were deliberately directive and the session flowed well, with the relationship between client and trainee Counsellor relaxed, natural and open. Finally, the trainee Counsellor was real and authentic and it is clear that the client experienced this realness in the relationship. A major learning experience taken from this session is that of experience. There were three significant moments in the session, the first at interaction [CL30] where the client achieved self-realisation about the way she had been behaving, the second was at interactions [C61, CL62] where the client acknowledges her participation in what she refers to as a game in which she chooses whether or not to play, and the third is at interaction [CL91] where the client starts to question the relationship she has with her husband with regards to her issue of control. As a learning outcome, these moments were invaluable as they provided the trainee Counsellor with experiences not previously encountered. The trainee Counsellor, in evaluating this counselling session, has already discussed and evaluated three of the conditions from the six necessary for therapeutic change: the trainee counsellors empathic understanding of the clients world; congruence on the part of the trainee Counsellor and the trainee Counsellors UPR towards the client. The remaining three conditions, although not mentioned specifically have also been present during this session. The first, that two people are in psychological contact, is demonstrated throughout the session by the dialogue that the client and trainee Counsellor maintained, thus forming a meaningful relationship. The second condition is that the client is in an anxious or vulnerable state, in other words is in a state of incongruence and this condition is openly displayed by the client throughout the session and no more so that at interaction [CL8] where the client admits to being stuck and confused. The third and final of the remaining six conditio ns is: The communication to the client of the counsellors empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard is to a minimal degree achieved. (Merry, 2006, p.49) The trainee Counsellor, in evaluating this session, has visibly exhibited his UPR [rating 4.5 5.0] and empathic understanding [rating 4.5] of the clients inner world [C61, C86] and in doing so helped to facilitate a safe and constructive environment for the client. This was a significant session for the client as the trainee Counsellor believes there has been a major movement along the seven stages of process and that the client at times during the session made the transition into stage 5. There was obviously some vacillation between stage four and five and the trainee Counsellor, although identifying the shift in the client [CL30, CL109] made no attempt to move them onto stage five, but rather left the client to find their own path, knowing that she would move forward when it was right for her to do so. The trainee Counsellor was himself, the client was herself. There were no facades, no hidden agendas, just two people experiencing a deep understanding of each other. Rogers (2004), when talking about this kind of relationship, posits: acceptance of each fluctuating aspect of this other person makes it for [him] a relationship of warmth and safety, and the safety of being liked and prized as a person seems a highly important element in a helping relationship. (Rogers, 2004, p.34) The relational depth achieved by the client and trainee Counsellor is clearly evident throughout many parts of the session. A particularly powerful moment is at interaction [CL109] where the client questions her own values and the clients body language and the timbre of her voice expose her feelings. Mearns Thorne (2007) suggest that: At times such as these, understanding between client and counsellor exists at many levels, as does acceptance. The outcome is a profound sense of sharing. (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p.191)

Napoleon :: essays research papers

Mastering Luck Explain Quote ?I had been nourished by reflecting on liberty, but I thrust it out of my way when it obstructed me path.? I believe this quote means that Napoleon was a believer in liberty and that he attempted to use it to rule his people justly. The rest of the quote means that liberty and justice can only be used to the point at which it doesn?t challenge his laws and governing power. Napoleon had the aspiration of total domination, and he had no intentions of letting peoples natural freedoms interrupt those dreams. I also believe that the people of those times were fed up with anarchy and lack of control and were willing to give up some of their personal freedoms for the sake of control and a better country. Question 2 Napoleon actually crossed the Alps on a mule. Why did David paint him riding on a horse? What adjectives best describe David?s portrayal of Napoleon? Why? The reason Napoleon was painted on a horse was probably to make him look very courageous. Napoleon was a very vain man and we cannot be sure if he had anything to do with the change from the actual event. A mule usually brings to mind pictures of slow advancement and a very weak attacker, but in reality, they were probably better for going over mountains, which I believe is the reason Napoleon didn?t just use a horse. To describe Napoleon crossing the St. Bernard pass, I think there are many adjectives that could be used. Napoleon looked very daring, because he was pointing onward toward the soon to be conquered lands that he had his mind set on taking for his empire. Napoleon also looked very fierce by the stern face the painter portrayed, and the position the horse was in, which looked like it was about to jump and crush an enemy. The Summit of Greatness Question 1 The above engraving was part of a propaganda campaign directed at both English and French audiences. What was the drawing intended to show the French? Why would they be prepared to believe some of the picture?s more fanciful aspects? The French people had come out of time of oppression by tyrannical monarchs and uncaring, corrupt government officials. They were ready for a new birth as a new nation, which was able to stand on its own and even be an overlord to its neighbors.

Of Mice And Men: Symbolism Essay

In the novel, of mice and men, theer was symbolizm throughout the story. In the beginning of the novel the stting was perfect, like â€Å"The Garden of Eden†. LIke in â€Å"The Garden of Eden† there was a snake, and in this novel it slipped across the water sggestin possible evil to come. The rabbits on the other hand symoloized Lenny’s joy and goodness, and formed the bases of his dreams. In the beginning Of Mice and Men, the story began looking like a perfect world. The author describes the setting as a wonderful place where â€Å"willows fresh and green with every spring: .(p.1) the perfect world resembles : The garden of Eden†, how everything was in place and the surroundin was in paradise.† ON the sandy bank under the trees the leaves lie †¦.among them†.(p.1) It was a wonderful place to be, because the setting is peaceful and no evil or wrond doing is happening. The snimals do not live in fear because the setting is perfect and it sounds accomadating to everyone and everything. All thought the setting was perfect in the beginning, there must be evil to come. As the snake was in â€Å"The garden of Eden† as a form of evil, there should be a form of evil to come further in the story. Teh form of evin that appars in the setting is a snake. The snake also appeared in â€Å"The garden of Eden†, and if so tehre must be some sort of evil to come. When the snake slipped across the pool, it examined the scene like a submarine would when hunting down itz prey. The snake must of picked it’s target, like a submarine would. â€Å"a water snake alipped along on the pool, it’s head held up like a little periscope†.(p.7) And that someone that the snake targeted must have been Lenny, because he dies at the end of the story. As the snake slipped across the pool â€Å"the reeds jerked slightly in the current†. (p.7)When the snake moved across the pool and the reeds started to jerk, symbolizing the peaceful world being disrupted by an evil form. Moreover, the snake symbolizes evil and the negative energy in the story, but the dreams of rabbits and the farm, they symbolize good and bring positive energy to the story and Lenny’s mind. Teh rabbits in the story symbolize Lenny’s innocent side. They also are a positive enery in the story. When the setting was described in the  beginning, the rabbit appeared showing that they are a positive energy. â€Å"Rabbits comout of the brush to sit on the sand in the evening†.(p.1)Also the rabbits are a symbol of Lenny’s innocent side, because the rabbits do not mean to harm anyone but only are there to comfort Lenny’s caring side. The rabbits were also in Lenny’s dream of teh farm. All he wanted to do was to tend to the rabbits on the fam. â€Å"And I get to tend the rabbits†.(p.105)The dream of having a farm and rabbits was what drove Lenny in life. And when George would describe the farm again and again Lenny would become happy inside, and would picture the farm in his head. Nevertheless, Lenny’s dreams did not come true/was he dead at the end, of the story. In conclusion, symbolism is used throughout the whole story, And â€Å"The garden of Eden† was a perfect world and so was the setting until the snake appeared. The snake was a form of evil and he disrpted the setting with his presence. The dream of the farm and tending to the rabbits was a wonderful dream, where Lenny’s imagination would go to when George told him of the farm.